// EDUCATION & TECHNOLOGY

Thursday, 12 March 2015

NASA: Test the private air traffic control system for drones.

Drone
Air Traffic Control drone
  The FAA announced its long-awaited rules for the commercial use of drone aircraft a few weeks ago, and they were much less restrictive than many feared. However, there’s one big catch for anyone who wants to make use of drones — the operator needs to have line of sight to the drone at all times. Drones don’t become truly useful until they can be operated remotely, but what would such a system look like? NASA is partnering with a company called Exelis to test a new air traffic control system called Symphony Range Vue for drone aircraft.
The rules laid out by the FAA are actually rather reasonable, when you look at the state of drone aircraft. There isn’t currently any system for managing swarms of drones, which can be quite hazardous if they start colliding in high-traffic areas of the sky. The FAA’s solution is to essentially ban remote operation for commercial use, but maybe Symphony RangeVue could offer an alternative.
In order for Symphony RangeVue to work, a region would need to have a network of small Exelis towers that receive signals from nearby drone aircraft. Of course, that means drones have to actually emit an ADS-B  tracking signal like manned aircraft, which they currently do not. That’s something drone manufacturers would need to start doing. It would mean increased power usage, but that might be a small price to pay. There’s also an infrastructure cost in getting these non-FAA tracking stations set up.
rtr4stm0
The data from the towers would be combined with radar and surveillance data, and shipped off to the cloud-based Symphony RangeVue system. From there, it can be disseminated to users on computers or tablets, allowing them to keep tabs on the busy state of drone traffic. The location information could be overlaid on maps with terrain, restricted areas, and flight paths. This same data feed could also be routed to the FAA in order to make sure drone pilots are following the rules laid out — with the exception of line-of-sight, which would need to be altered for this system to be feasible.
There’s no timeline for deployment of this system, but having the backing of NASA is a good sign. This is exactly the kind of system companies like Amazon could take advantage of to get drone delivery services up and running. The FAA’s drone rules are still a draft, though, so there’s time to get the kinks worked out and still convince the regulators drones can be tracked safely.
  

Wednesday, 7 January 2015

American porn actress receives death threats in her family's home country after she is voted sex industry's top star



A Lebanese porn star has received death threats after being ranked as the best actress in the business by a popular adult website.
Mia Khalifa, 21, grew up in Lebanon but moved to the U.S. as a teenager to enroll in college, before becoming involved in the adult film industry.
She is now the most searched for actress on movie-sharing website PornHub, an accolade which has drawn strong criticism from her country of birth.




Users have branded her 'ugly' and 'disgusting', while one vowed to 'cut her neck' and another posted a mocked-up photo of her being held hostage by ISIS murderer Jihadi John.
One particular source of outrage is a video which shows Miss Khalifa performing sex acts while wearing a hijab, part of the Muslim religious dress.




One user calling herself Fifi wrote: 'Mia Khalifa is neat and all but wearing hijabs in her porn vids is really problematic and gross.'
Another poster going under the handle of Ayeerab wrote: 'B**** wonders why Arabs bash on her. Maybe because you f****** degraded Muslims in a porno.'





Monday, 5 January 2015

'Superchip' At CES 2015 by Nvidia Unveils Tegra X1 ( Latest Mobile 'Superchip,')



LAS VEGAS -- Nvidia wants to bring the heart of its PC graphics card business to mobile -- and it thinks it has a chip that can pump out the quality of an Xbox One on your smartphone.

Onstage Sunday evening at the annual Consumer Electronics Show, Nvidia CEO Jen-Hsun Huang announced a new addition to its Tegra chip family, the Tegra X1. The processor utilizes its most advanced PC architecture for graphics processing units, called Maxwell, that packs in a 256-core GPU on top of a 8-core central processing unit that, together, pumps out one whole teraflop of computational power.

What do all those numbers mean? According to Huang, the result is a tiny workhorse for smartphones that is both powerful and energy efficient enough to bring console and PC-grade graphics to handheld devices. The X1 follows Nvidia's process of transitioning PC-grade tech to mobile, which it did last year by bringing Kepler, the generation before Maxwell, to mobile devices like the Nvidia Shield gaming handheld with the Tegra K1 chip.

"This little tiny thing here is a mobile super chip," Huang said, adding that the X1 was twice as powerful as last year's K1. "We're able to run any application that relies on the architecture of Maxwell," he added. That includes any game powered by top-end PCs and home console.


To showcase this, Nvidia simulated a smartphone demo that rendered in real time the short video "Elemental" built using Unreal Engine 4. Epic, the maker of Unreal, is a leading supplier of game-building tools for the industry's most intensive and photo realistic titles -- the games Nvidia thinks will soon be commonplace on smartphones and tablets if they incorporate its Tegra chip.

Nvidia now dominates the PC graphics card business with its line of GeForce GPUs, having driven competitor AMD out of desktop computers and toward supplying the game consoles of Microsoft and Sony with components. The grip on PCs has proved lucrative; gamers shell out far more frequently for PC parts than console owners, who buy a system and keep it for years.

Now, Nvidia wants to move to mobile and is hoping hardcore gamers can take them there. Qualcomm is the lead supplier of mobile chips, and Nvidia has an uphill battle to try to supplant the Snapdragon line that runs most of the world's Android devices.

Yet that race is a ways down the line, the company says. At the moment, the Tegra X1 and its one teraflop of computational power is too much for current mobile devices. So Nvidia is getting the chip out into the wild -- by having it power next-generation automotive hardware and software.

The company closed out its press conference with a substantial amount of time spent talking up its new Drive PX and Drive CX products. Drive PX will provide autopilot and self-driving software by utilizing new Tegra X1's together to provide reliable computer vision for automobiles, helping with AI-assisted parking and self-driving functions of next-generation cars. Drive CX is Nvidia's new hardware and software platform for bringing its graphics and simulation chops to cars' center consoles for navigation, driver monitoring and other screen functions.


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Nvidia CEO Jen-Hsun Huang took the stage at CES tonight to unveil its new mobile chip, the Tegra X1. With 256 processor cores and eight CPU cores, Huang touts it as the first mobile "superchip."

The X1 is the successor to last year's K1 processor, and is built atop the Maxwell architecture, which is both fast and energy-efficient. Despite tepid applause, Huang said he was most excited about what the chip can do, saying that there's nothing like it in the world. The X1 can handle 4K video at 60Hz, and is the first mobile chip to exceed 1 teraflop of throughput. The first supercomputer to exceed a teraflop did so in 2000, and needed more than 1 million watts to pull it off.

The X1 is powerful, and Huang demonstrated as much by showing off a real-time demo of Unreal Tournament. However, the chips strengths are being channeled into cars. In the near term, the chip will power the new Drive CX "digital cockpit computer," a fully-functioning infotainment system that could power an array of screens inside your car that monitor speed, temperature, and entertainment. Two X1s will power the Drive PX auto-pilot system that's great for parking

Friday, 2 January 2015

Don't Use Facebook...Some Reasons You Should Quit Facebook In 2015


Anger has raged since it emerged that Facebook conducted a secret psychological experiment on over half a million of its users. This fresh controversy is the latest in a list of gripes over privacy, advertising, auto-playing videos, algorithms and more.
As a trigger of mass complaint, Facebook has become my generation’s television licence – the focal point for relentless resentment, the favoured terrain for the self-righteous. The fact that a lot of complaining about Facebook takes place on Facebook has always had a dash of irony about it, particularly for those of us who still quite enjoy the platform and do not smash our fists against the screen if it slightly changes the hue of its background colour.

But the soaring frustration raises the question of why anyone thinks one's Facebook account is sacrosanct, and why, when Facebook makes changes to its service, people react as if it is something as fundamental as the very air they breathe that has been polluted.
The tenor of the discussion around Facebook, the general sense of negativity and frustrating, is at odds with the fact that this is a free, non-compulsory service. People complain about Facebook as though it was a service they were forced to use, or were paying over the odds for. Nobody is making you use Facebook and humanity survived for thousands of years without it – so if you are that angry with it, why not just leave?
But is the prospect of life without Facebook even worse than the reality of using a platform that many people seem to hate? Going cold turkey may not prove to be quite as apocalyptic as committed Facebook users think. I have a friend who is not a member of any social networking site and could not be less interested in the world of status updates, likes and tweets.

Reasons You Should Quit Facebook In 2015


"Facebook is so annoying." How many times have you heard that sentiment this past year? We bet a lot, because more and more people seem to be getting tired of the social media platform, especially young people.

We've noticed a nationwide annoyance with Facebook over 2013. The company even admitted in October that younger teens were using the network less frequently on a daily basis. Here are 11 reasons that might convince you to let your Facebook account go in 2014.

1. Nobody actually wants to just read about what you're doing anymore.


Think about it: What sounds more appealing (and believable)? Reading a status that says, "I'm currently hanging out with Will Smith!" or a picture of that person actually posing with Smith? A photo is definitely more engaging. Here's the most-liked Instagram picture of 2013: Justin Bieber's snap with Smith.



When TIME interviewed teenagers about their social media use in March, 16-year-old Hamp Briley explained that kids these days don't have time for Facebook: "Twitter’s all statuses, Instagram’s all pictures. People like to do more specific things like that instead of being on just Facebook.”

2. Facebook makes it impossible for you to stay "private."


For many valid reasons (think stalker exes or potential employers), some people don't like having their name come up when it's typed into the Facebook search bar. However, most users this year found problems with changes to privacy settings. For one, Facebook removed the option to keep your name hidden when people search you. They also forced people to control their privacy settings on a cumbersome item-by-item basis. Today, the only way to make sure certain people can't access your profile is to block them. Or alter your name so it doesn't appear when people search your real one. Or, of course, quit Facebook entirely.

3. Your parents (and even grandparents) are now watching your every move.


This year seemed to be the year everyone's mom, dad, grandmother and great aunt got hooked on Facebook. And that meant every time you posted a status about something innocuous, these Facebook novices started breathing down your neck the minute you hit "post." We get enough scolding from our parents "IRL" -- no need to let it trickle onto a social media site where our friends can laugh at our familial bickering.

4. Or they're posting photos of you that you would never want anyone to see



What's worse than getting no "likes" on an Instagram photo you posted? Checking your Facebook and realizing that a horribly embarrassing photo of you that your mom posted is getting over 50 "likes," along with some pretty serious mockery in the comments section.

5. Facebook is even keeping track of what you don't say.


You may have been happy you didn't post that one over-share about your extended trip to the bathroom the other day, but Facebook may have a record of exactly what you typed and what time you were about to publish it. This month, Facebook released a study revealing that they were undergoing a new type of data collection in which they were tracking when people typed content out and then removed it without publishing. Their mission is to understand why users "self-censor" themselves in updates. According to Facebook data scientist Sauvik Das, a "self-censored update" is "an entry into either [a status update or comment box] of more than five characters that was typed out but not submitted for at least the next 10 minutes."

6. Facebook makes you feel less positive about your life.



Even though the purpose of Facebook is effectively to reveal details about everything and anything you do, access to this knowledge could take a toll on your mental well-being. A recent study done by the Department of Behavioral Science at the Utah Valley University discovered that heavy Facebook users aren't the happiest people out there. The researchers found that just using Facebook makes you view your life more negatively. Of 400 students questioned, "those who have used Facebook longer agreed more that others were happier, and agreed less that life is fair, and those spending more time on Facebook each week agreed more that others were happier and had better lives."

7. The "friend suggestions" tell you to befriend people you don't even know.


Facebook's "friend suggestions" algorithm needs some work, because these days we're discovering that your potential "friends" are people we only know through someone else, or someone we haven't even met at all. If you want people to stop using a platform that is supposed to connect them and bring them together with the people they care about, you should definitely adopt Facebook's strategy of trying to get you to care about the lives of complete strangers.

8. You realize you only know and care about only 20 people out of your 1,000 friends.



It starts to get kind of weird when you check the birthdays for the day and don't remember who any of the five people are. How do you know them? Are they some random person you met at a bar in college one night, and in a drunken stupor decided to "add on Facebook"? Probably. Do you need to know that this person is moving to California this week? More importantly, do you care? Nope. It could be time to overhaul your friends list. Or maybe it's time to realize that your Facebook account is being used pretty much entirely to keep tabs on these kinds of strangers.


I Don’t Use Facebook, But It’s Not a Privacy Concern


It was a Tuesday. I was seated comfortably on Angela’s chesterfield sofa. Angela, who I’d met during college, hosted weekly get-togethers for “the girls.” Each of us would bring something to contribute to the group: vodka, chips and guac, cupcakes, etc. We’d gather around the television to watch “our shows,” which Angela had DVRed throughout the week. Although our shows were prerecorded, we’d never fast forward through the commercials because they provided us with time to gossip, catch-up and inevitably back out of the conversation, hang our heads to check our Facebook accounts via iPhones. It was the normal thing to do; it was acceptable among us and sometimes one of us would even exclaim something along the lines of: “Oh my God, did you see Nick’s status update?!” We all got along wonderfully, and I looked forward to our weekly get-togethers.

Thursday, 1 January 2015

New Features of Facebook


Today we are beginning to roll out a new feature called Nearby Friends that you can choose to turn on. Nearby Friends helps you discover which friends are nearby or on the go.

If you turn on Nearby Friends, you’ll occasionally be notified when friends are nearby, so you can get in touch with them and meet up. For example, when you’re headed to the movies, Nearby Friends will let you know if friends are nearby so you can see the movie together or meet up afterward.



Nearby Friends is an optional feature. You can choose who can see if you’re nearby (for example: your friends, close friends, or a specific friends list) and you can turn it on and off at any time.

Sharing your location with Nearby Friends goes two ways — you and your friends both have to turn on Nearby Friends and choose to share with each other to see when you’re nearby. Your friends will only be able to see that you’re nearby if you share this info with them and vice versa.

Find your friends nearby and meet up

If you turn on Nearby Friends, you can also choose to share a precise location with the particular friends you choose for a set period of time, such as the next hour. When you share your precise location, the friend you choose will see exactly where you are on a map, which helps you find each other. Then you can meet up and spend time together.



See when your friends are traveling

When Nearby Friends is on, you can see when your friends are traveling if they’re also using this feature and sharing with you. You’ll be able to see the city or neighborhood they are in, including on their profile. When you see a friend visiting a place you’ve been, it’s the perfect opportunity to send a recommendation for a great restaurant. You can also make last-minute plans to meet up with a friend who happens to be in the same place you’re headed to.

Nearby Friends will be available on Android and iPhone in the US over the coming weeks.



Sunday, 28 December 2014

Facebook Users Beware: Facebook's New Feature Could Embarrass You


If you didn't watch Mark Zuckerberg's Facebook announcements last week — and of course the vast majority of Facebook users did not — you may be in for a surprise. Aside from the dramatically redesigned Facebook Timeline profile pages, which roll out in the coming weeks (and which I've grown to love), Facebook's new system to auto-share what you do around the web may catch many Facebook addicts off guard.

In fact, even those people who know exactly how this new feature works may need to be on guard against sharing some seriously embarrassing updates.

For those not in the loop: Facebook is making sharing even easier by automatically sharing what you're doing on Facebook-connected apps. Instead of having to "Like" something to share it, you'll just need to click "Add to Timeline" on any website or app, and that app will have permission to share your activity with your Facebook friends.

What activity, you ask? It could be the news articles you read online, the videos you watch, the photos you view, the music you listen to, or any other action within the site or app. Facebook calls this auto-sharing "Gestures."

Can you see the possible issue here?

I'm pretty familiar with this auto-sharing function since it's been a feature of The Huffington Post for a good while now. The way it works there: Once you join the site, every article you read is shared with your friends via an activity feed (unless you switch that feature off).

So right now I can see that someone I know professionally read "Scarlett Johansson Nude Photos" and a male colleague, who will remain anonymous, recently read the following:

1. "Conan O'Brien Stares At Nicole Scherzinger's Cleavage"

2. "Heather Morris On Breast Implants"

3. "Perrey Reeves Shows Off Bikini Body (PHOTO)"



Now Facebook is bringing this functionality to every application out there.

I'm not saying this is a bad idea as such, but people need to be aware of what they're signing up for when they add apps to the Timeline. Even my tech-savvy friends seem to set up these auto-share apps, completely forget about them, and return to doing things they wouldn't necessarily want to share with all their friends.

Heck, I even find myself doing it.

Just a few days ago I added the Washington Post Social Reader app to my profile — this is one of many new news apps that auto-shares what you're reading with your friends. Later, I returned to the app, forgot about that feature, read a ton of articles and realized they were all on my Facebook Timeline.

Now I didn't read anything particularly saucy like my HuffPo friends did, but even that slight lapse was enough for me to uninstall the app completely.

So what can you do to avoid a Facebook privacy faux pas? Be aware that whenever you click a "Add to Timeline" button on a website or app from now on, you're giving that app permission to post your activity to Facebook.

Most of the time you might be fine with this — like sharing the music you listen to on Spotify with friends (unless you like Rebecca Black) — but other times it might be worth disabling this function after you approve the app.

SEE ALSO: The New Facebook: How to Take Control of Your Privacy
Also note that when you add an app to your Timeline, you get the option to share your activity with "Public," "Friends" or "Custom." By clicking "Custom," you get the option to hide your activity from everyone but yourself — see the steps below for more information on controlling your privacy with the new sharing features:



Saturday, 8 November 2014

EFF files petition with U.S. Copyright Office to ensure that jailbreaking remains legal



The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) announced this week that it has filed a petition with the U.S. Librarian of Congress and the Copyright Office to extend and expand the exemption that makes jailbreaking an iOS device or rooting an Android device possible without violating the Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) in the United States.


The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) announced this week that it has filed a petition with the U.S. Librarian of Congress and the Copyright Office to extend and expand the exemption that makes jailbreaking an iOS device or rooting an Android device possible without violating the Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) in the United States.
EFF via iDownloadBlog::

“That’s important because jailbreaking (or “rooting,” on Android devices) has real-world implications for users’ ability to use their phones and tablets effectively and securely. It may be a necessary step before installing security updates after a device has stopped being supported by the manufacturer. In other cases, it may help users install accessibility software that allows them to use a device despite disabilities.”

Last month, a Chinese team called Pangu released an iOS 8 untethered jailbreak for compatible iPhone, iPad and iPod touch devices. Pangu was recently given a stamp of approval by Cydia creator and respected member of the jailbreaking community Jay Freeman, who indicated that the Windows-only jailbreak tool is “now stable enough for use.”

Jailbreaking an iPhone, iPad or iPod touch allows you to install third-party applications, tweaks, mods, themes, utilities and other useful packages from Cydia, the jailbreak equivalent of the App Store on stock iOS. In layman’s terms, jailbreaking enables you to further customize and enhance your iOS device beyond the limitations that Apple imposes.

While jailbreaking is considered legal in the United States based on this exemption, keep in mind that the process of modifying your device violates your End User License Agreement (EULA) with Apple and may void your device’s warranty. There are also certain risks involved with jailbreaking that could require restoring your device.

technology is a subreddit dedicated to the discussion of all things technology. Technology is the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, and methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a pre-existing solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function.

The EFF has prior to now fought for and been offered this exemption for jailbreaking and rooting units in 2010 and 2012, despite the fact that it's pressured to argue its case each and every 3 years due to the method through which DMCA exemptions are thought to be.

Apple readying Bluetooth version of Beats Solo2 headphones



Beats released a pair of headphones, named Beats Solo2, just as Apple was buying the company earlier this year, and now a follow-up appears to be in the works.

But while there's been a lot of speculation over the various ways Apple might change what Beats is about, a just-uncovered FCC filing suggests the iPhone 6 maker actually won't change much at all.

The FCC documents show a Bluetooth-enabled version of the Beats Solo2 released earlier this year.

But other than the addition of wireless capabilities, these headphones don't seem much altered from the earlier, wired Solo2.

Lightning doesn't strike
There's also been some speculation on whether future Beats headphones will adopt Apple's Lightning tech, but for now these appear to be sticking with microUSB so they can remain open-platform.

That may still change in the future, or Apple might even come out with iOS-exclusive variants on otherwise multi-platform headphones, thereby trying to please everyone.

Either way, while this new headset may carry Apple's branding, it appears the new Beats Solo2 will still definitely have the Beats DNA.

There's no clue as to when these will come out, so keep an eye out for announcements from Apple while we do the same.


Beats has earned some strong praise for its Solo2 headphones, so it shouldn't come as any surprise that a wireless set is in the works. Unfortunately for Beats and Apple, the FCC has spoiled the surprise ahead of any announcement. New documents spotted by 9to5Mac confirm that "solo2 wireless" headphones have passed through the FCC's testing labs. The documents only contain basic schematics, but we wouldn't expect the wireless Solo2s to deviate much from the wired models released earlier this year.

9to5Mac says the new model is "Apple-branded," though all we can say for sure is that Apple appears in the fine print on the packaging. We're not so convinced that the famed Beats logo will be sharing space with Apple on the actual Solo2 Wireless headphones. If nothing else, this is likely to be the first Beats hardware with Apple's name on it — even if just a tiny font on the box. Seeing the usual legal rundowns for Android and Microsoft on an Apple product is also a bit strange, but that's the world we're in now that Beats and Apple are one company.

beats solo2 wireless
As for other critical details on the Solo2 Wireless headphones (i.e. price), we'll just have to wait for the official word. The wired version retails for $199.99, but Bluetooth and the freedom of going wireless will probably demand a higher premium.



According to an FCC filing, Beats will soon release its first pair of headphones since the company was acquired by Apple for $3 billion. This version of Beats' Solo2 headphones will include Bluetooth LE connectivity. That is the same technology employed on Beats' high-end Studio Wireless headphones.

Based on the FCC documentation, it would appear that the headphones will look exactly like the current wired version of the Solo2 with the only difference being the wireless technology used inside. The phones have yet to be announced, so pricing and availability are unknown at this point. Looking at the pricing for the current Beats Solo2 headphones and the high-end Studio Wireless unit, this new model should be priced somewhere between $199 and $379.

When the tech titan made its purchase of Beats earlier this year, the largest acquisition in the history of the company, it was thought that Apple had made the purchase to gain control of Beats Music. The company is said to be in the midst of negotiating with the record labels and artists in the hope of cutting the price of the service by as much as 50% a month.


Apple and its Beats by Dre group seem to be close to announcing a new pair of headphones: a Bluetooth version of their popular Solo2 headphones. Earlier this year, Beats launched the Solo2 wired earphones as a cheaper alternative to the Studio cans. Today, a wireless version has been revealed thanks to the Federal Communication Commission’s (FCC) testing department.

As can be seen in the image above from today’s FCC filing, the design of the wireless model is akin to the wired model. The only difference appears to be the Bluetooth connectivity. The documents specify that Bluetooth 4.0 Low-Energy technology is utilized.

Interestingly, these documents indicate that these headphones are Apple-branded:
Apple is specifically listed as the creator and tester of the new product, and the Apple brand is even stamped on the packaging of the product. The documents also reveal Apple’s request for confidentially for the testing.

While the new headphones have hit the FCC today, there is no indication for when an actual/official launch is planned. We also don’t yet know colors or pricing, but given the substantial markup on the existing wireless Beats headphones, they will be pricey.

Thursday, 6 November 2014

Clinical psychology


This branch studies the mild, moderate, and severe mental and adjustment disorders, diagnose the cause, etiology and analysis of problem and apply therapies procedure for treatment disorder such as Anxiety disorders, stress, depression e.t.c.

Psychological disorders
Introduction: - I felt the need to clean my room … spent four to five
hours at it …At the time I loved it but then didnʹt want
to do it anymore, but could not stop …The clothes
hung … two fingers apart …I touched my bedroom
wall before leaving the house … I had constant anxiety
… I thought I might be nuts.
Marc, diagnosed with
Obsessive‐compulsive disorder
(From Summers, 1996)
People are fascinated by the exceptional, the
Unusual, the abnormal. This fascination can be
due to two reasons:
1. During various moments we feel, think and act like
an abnormal individual.
2. Psychological disorders may bring unexplained
physical symptoms, irrational fears, and suicidal thoughts.
To study the abnormal is the best way of
Understanding the normal.
William James (1842-1910)
1. There are 450 million people suffering from
Psychological disorders (WHO, 2004).
2. Depression and schizophrenia exist in all cultures
of the world.
Mental health workers view psychological
disorders as persistently harmful thoughts,
feelings and action.
When behavior is deviant, distressful, and
dysfunctional psychiatrists and psychologists
label it as disordered (Comer, 2004).
Deviant, Distressful & Dysfunctional
1. Deviant behavior
(going naked) in one
culture may be
considered normal
while in others leads to
arrest.
2. Deviant behavior must
accompany distress.
3. If a behavior is
dysfunctional it is
clearly a disorder.

RF Based Wireless RC Robot


Table of contents


• Introduction of Robot & Robotics
• Summary of the project:
• Description:
• COMPONENTS USED:
• Full wave bridge rectifier
• HT12E ENCODE
• HT12D DECODER
• L293D
• RF MODULES (434MHz)
• Circuit Diagram:
• Applications of wireless Robot:
• Refrences:


Introduction of Robot & Robotics

A robot is a mechanical or virtual agent, usually an electro-mechanical machine that is guided by a computer program or electronic circuitry. Robots can be autonomous or semi-autonomous and range from humanoids such as Honda's Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility (ASIMO),. By mimicking a lifelike appearance or automating movements, a robot may convey a sense of intelligence or thought of its own.
Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans in dangerous environments or manufacturing processes, or resemble humans in appearance, behavior, and/or cognition. Many of today's robots are inspired by nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics.
As mechanical techniques developed through the Industrial age, more practical applications were proposed by Nikola Tesla, who in 1898 designed a radio-controlled boat. Electronics evolved into the driving force of development with the advent of the first electronic autonomous robots created by William Grey Walter in Bristol, England in 1948. The first digital and programmable robot was invented by George Devol in 1954 and was named theUnimate.
Robots have replaced humans in the assistance of performing those repetitive and dangerous tasks which humans prefer not to do, or are unable to do due to size limitations, or even those such as in outer space or at the bottom of the sea where humans could not survive the extreme environments.
There are concerns about the increasing use of robots and their role in society. Robots are blamed for rising unemployment as they replace workers in some functions. The use of robots in military combat raises ethical concerns. The possibility of robot autonomy and potential repercussions has been addressed in fiction and may be a realistic concern in the future.



RF Based Wireless RC Robot
Summary of the project:

This circuit utilizes the RF module (Tx/Rx) for making a wireless remote, which could be used to drive an output from a distant place. RF module, as the name suggests, uses radio frequency to send signals. These signals are transmitted at a particular frequency and a baud rate. A receiver can receive these signals only if it is configured for that frequency. A four channel encoder/decoder pair has also been used in this system. The input signals, at the transmitter side, are taken through four switches while the outputs are monitored on a set of four LEDs corresponding to each input switch. The circuit can be used for designing Remote Appliance Control system. The outputs from the receiver can drive corresponding relays connected to any household appliance.


Description:
This radio frequency (RF) transmission system employs Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) with transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) pair operating at 434 MHz. The transmitter module takes serial input and transmits these signals through RF. The transmitted signals are received by the receiver module placed away from the source of transmission.
The system allows one way communication between two nodes, namely, transmission and reception. The RF module has been used in conjunction with a set of four channel encoder/decoder ICs. Here HT12E & HT12D have been used as encoder and decoder respectively. The encoder converts the parallel inputs (from the remote switches) into serial set of signals. These signals are serially transferred through RF to the reception point. The decoder is used after the RF receiver to decode the serial format and retrieve the original signals as outputs. These outputs can be observed on corresponding LEDs.